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REVIEW article

Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Inflammation Pharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1512968

MLKL as an emerging machinery for modulating organelle dynamics: regulatory mechanisms, pathophysiological significance, and targeted therapeutics

Provisionally accepted
Yang Wang Yang Wang Jingrong Miao Jingrong Miao Wei Wei Wei Wei Yu Zhang Yu Zhang Xiaofeng Bao Xiaofeng Bao Chunfeng Lu Chunfeng Lu *
  • Nantong University, Nantong, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a pseudokinase featured by a protein kinase-like domain without catalytic activity. MLKL was originally discovered to be phosphorylated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/3, typically increase plasma membrane permeabilization, and disrupt the membrane integrity, ultimately executing necroptosis. Recent evidence uncovers the association of MLKL with diverse cellular organelles, including the mitochondrion, lysosome, endosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus. Thus, this review mainly focuses on the regulatory functions, mechanisms, and targets of MLKL in organelles rather than necroptosis and summarize the medical significance in multiple diseases. On this basis, we conclude and analyze the current progress and prospect for the development of MLKL-related drugs, from natural products, small-molecule chemical compounds, to proteolysis-targeting chimera. This review is aimed to propel the development of MLKL as a valid drug target and the discovery of novel MLKL-related drugs, and promote their further applications.

    Keywords: mlkl, organelle dynamics, disease target, Small-molecule chemicals, Natural Products

    Received: 17 Oct 2024; Accepted: 04 Feb 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Miao, Wei, Zhang, Bao and Lu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Chunfeng Lu, Nantong University, Nantong, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.