94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good
Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.
Find out more
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Ethnopharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1506499
Gentiopicroside Targeting AKT1 activates HIF-1α/VEGF Axis Promoting Diabetic Ulcer Wound Healing
Provisionally accepted- 1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
- 2 Jiahui International Hospital, Shanghai, China
- 3 The 980th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- 4 Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Huangpu, China
- 5 Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Backgound: Gentiopicroside (GSP) have been proven to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers (DU), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which GSP accelerates the healing of DU. Method: The targets of GSP were firstly predicted using the SuperPred, SwissTargetPrediction, and Pharmmapper databases; DU-related transcriptome data were obtained from the GEO database, including GSE147890, GSE68183, and GSE199939; differential expression analysis was conducted using the Limma package, and DU-related targets were identified after summarization and de-duplication. Then, Potential targets for GSP treatment of DU were screened by Venn analysis; core targets for GSP treatment of DU were selected by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; the mechanism of GSP treatment of DU was predicted by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Finally, the target binding of GSP to core targets was evaluated by molecular docking and CETSA assay, and in vitro experiments were conducted using L929 cells to validate the findings. Result: A total of 538 targets of GSP and 10795 DU-related targets were predicted; Venn analysis identified 215 potential targets for GSP to accelerate DU wound healing; PPI network analysis suggested that AKT1 may be core targets for GSP treatment of DU; GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that pathways such as HIF-1 and VEGF are closely related to the treatment of DU with GSP, and it also participates in the regulation of various biological processes such as small molecule catabolism and leukocyte migration to exert its therapeutic effect on DU. Molecular docking and CETSA detection indicated that GSP can target bind to AKT1. The experimental results confirmed that GSP can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of L929 cells. Westen Blot results showed that GSP can accelerate DU wound healing via AKT1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis. Conclusion: GSP target binding to AKT1 accelerates DU wound healing via the regulation of HIF-1α/VEGF axis.
Keywords: Gentiopicroside, Diabetic ulcer, Wound Healing, CETSA assay, Geo data, HIF-1α/VEGF axis
Received: 05 Oct 2024; Accepted: 10 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Wang, Wu, Sun, Pan and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xinxia Wang, Jiahui International Hospital, Shanghai, China
Zheng Pan, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
Li Liu, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, Shanghai Municipality, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.