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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Drugs Outcomes Research and Policies
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1477050
Development and Validation of the Chinese Insulin Medication Literacy Scale (Ch-InMLS) for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Provisionally accepted- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
The aim of this study was to develop a simplified insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus in China (Ch-InMLS) assessing the level of insulin medication literacy and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: We developed an initial scale based on the framework of knowledge-attitude-practice model (KAP) with skills added, and the items were developed from literature review and insulin related guidelines, semi-structured interviews,face validity. After two rounds of expert consultation and pilot survey, a final version of the scale was developed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 553 patients with diabetes mellitus in Zhengzhou for the psychometric evaluation. In the construct validity analysis, the number of participants was 262 for exploratory factor analysis and 291 for confirmatory factor analysis. In the reliability analysis, internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients.The final scale consists of 36 items with 4 domains, including knowledge, attitude, practice, skill. EFA suggested four factors explaining 67.556% of the total variance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.944, Bartlett's test χ2 = 7384.296, P < 0.001). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit the data adequately. The Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.945 for the overall scale and for each domain was 0.952, 0.947, 0.908, 0.923 . The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient was 0.803 for the total scale and whilst that for each domain was 0.925, 0.944, 0.901, 0.917. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.944 and for each domain of the scale was 0.865, 0.845, 0.987, 0.936.The scale has acceptable content validity, construct validity, and good reliability. It can be used to evaluate the level of insulin medication literacy of patients with diabetes mellitus in China.
Keywords: Insulin, Medication literacy, Diabetes Mellitus, scale, Reliability
Received: 08 Aug 2024; Accepted: 24 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Fangying, tao, fen and fang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
CHEN su fang, Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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