Samar A Antar ¹ Aymen Halouani ¹ Karim Tawfic ² Walied Abdo ³ Ayman M. Mahmoud ⁴ Yassine Sassi ^1*

• ¹ Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, United States
• ² Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
• ³ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
• ⁴ Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom

tissue. Collagens, particularly types I and III, are the primary constituents of the fibrotic scar tissue. The fibrotic process is associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory disorders and proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to be important initiators of fibrosis (Wynn & Ramalingam, 2012). TGF-β1 is a major driver of fibrosis through its actions on various cell types and through various signaling pathways (Meng et al., 2016). Prolonged healing in extremely fibrotic tissue results in tissue/organ dysfunction. Fibrotic tissue remodeling, associated with high morbidity and mortality, is often the source of organ malfunction. Preclinical models and clinical research in many organ systems have shown that fibrosis, which was long thought to be an irreversible and continuously developing process, is Ávila-Martínez et al. summarized the crucial role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in resolving inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, offering insights into its different components as potential therapeutic options. The authors described the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Moreover, the authors addressed the translational significance of using peptides of the renin-angiotensin system as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments and noted that studies addressing the role of peptides of the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system in the control of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases remain limited. Finally, the authors described the challenges that remain before the use of peptides of the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system as antiinflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments to stop or reduce the progression of diseases. on inflammation and fibrosis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting premature infants, and is pathologically characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. CTS reduced hyperoxia-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in macrophages.The authors concluded by highlighting the therapeutic potential of CTS in the treatment of BPD.By employing a new two-step workflow, Zhang et al. identified key matrisome components that affect liver stiffness. The authors used a new approach that combines their previously enhanced sodium dodecyl sulfate (ESDS) decellularization technique with the conventional SDS method. Using this method, they identified midly and highly insoluble matrisome members, including collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and ECM regulators and associated proteins in the mouse liver. Subsequent regulatory network and functional enrichment analyses identified the pathways associated with highly insoluble matrisome members. This promising approach should be employed in future studies designed to identify midly and highly insoluble matrisome members and their associated pathways in liver (and other organs) fibrosis.The editors expect the articles published in this Research Topic to capture the interest of readers and believe that researchers will gain valuable insights, advancing their understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibrosis and fostering the development of new therapeutic approaches.