The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1514573
Unlocking the Therapeutic Mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan: A Comprehensive Review of Its Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties, Ethnopharmacology, and Phytochemistry
Provisionally accepted
Estéfani Alves Asevedo
1
Livia Ramos
1
Hyo Jeong Kim
2
Rony Abdi Syahputra
3
Moon Nyeo Park
2
Rosy Iara Maciel De Azambuja Ribeiro
1*
Bonglee Kim
2*- 1 Midwest Campus, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
- 2 College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Department of Parastiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
Herbal medicine are an invaluable reservoir of bioactive compounds, offering immense potential for novel drug development to address a wide range of diseases. Among these, Caesalpinia sappan (C. sappan) has gained recognition for its historical medicinal applications and substantial therapeutic potential. This review explores the ethnopharmacological significance, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of C. sappan, with a particular focus on its anticancer activities. Traditionally, C. sappan has been utilized for treating respiratory, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory conditions, demonstrating its broad therapeutic scope. The plant's rich array of bioactive compounds-flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides-forms the basis of its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pharmacological effects. Modern pharmacological research has further substantiated its versatility, revealing anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, and hepatoprotective properties. However, significant challenges remain, including the need to unravel the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, refine extraction and isolation methods for bioactive compounds, and validate its safety and efficacy through well-designed clinical trials. Particularly noteworthy is C. sappan's potential in combination therapies, where it may synergistically target multiple cancer pathways, enhance therapeutic outcomes, and mitigate adverse effects. This review synthesizes the findings from the past decade, providing a comprehensive evaluation of C. sappan's pharmacological promise while identifying critical areas for future research. By addressing these gaps, C. sappan could serve as a cornerstone for innovative therapeutic strategies, offering hope for improved management of cancer and other complex diseases.
Keywords: C. sappan, antioxidant, phytochemistry, Pharmacological properties, Brazilin, Protosappanin B, Caesalpanins C
Received: 21 Oct 2024; Accepted: 13 Dec 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Asevedo, Ramos, Kim, Syahputra, Park, Ribeiro and Kim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Rosy Iara Maciel De Azambuja Ribeiro, Midwest Campus, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
Bonglee Kim, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.