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REVIEW article

Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1461478

In-Depth Analysis of Lupeol: Delving into the Diverse Pharmacological Profile

Provisionally accepted
Rony Abdi Syahputra Rony Abdi Syahputra 1*Mega Carensia Gunawan Mega Carensia Gunawan 1Zahirah Dhiya Utari Zahirah Dhiya Utari 1Muhammad R. Dinata Muhammad R. Dinata 1Princella Halim Princella Halim 1Nathasya Estherina Nathasya Estherina 1Alex I. Sitohang Alex I. Sitohang 1M A. Sukarno M A. Sukarno 1Yahdiana Harahap Yahdiana Harahap 2Erna P. Setyowati Erna P. Setyowati 3Aminah Dalimunthe Aminah Dalimunthe 1Moon Nyeo Park Moon Nyeo Park 4SD Yusoff SD Yusoff 5Satirah Zainalabidin Satirah Zainalabidin 5Arya T. Prananda Arya T. Prananda 1Mohd Kaisan Mahadi Mohd Kaisan Mahadi 5Bonglee Kim Bonglee Kim 4Urip Harahap Urip Harahap 1
  • 1 University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia
  • 2 University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
  • 3 Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • 4 Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • 5 National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Lupeol, a naturally occurring lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid, is widely distributed in various edible vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants. Notably, it is found in high concentrations in plants like Tamarindus indica, Allanblackia monticola, and Emblica officinalis, among others. Quantitative studies have highlighted its presence in Elm bark, Olive fruit, Aloe leaf, Ginseng oil, Mango pulp, and Japanese Pear bark. This compound is synthesized from squalene through the mevalonate pathway and can also be synthetically produced in the lab, addressing challenges in natural product synthesis.Over the past four decades, extensive research has demonstrated lupeol's multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial effects. Despite its significant therapeutic potential, clinical applications of lupeol have been limited by its poor water solubility and bioavailability. Recent advancements have focused on nano-based delivery systems to enhance its bioavailability, and the development of various lupeol derivatives has further amplified its bioactivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in understanding the pharmacological benefits of lupeol. It also discusses innovative strategies to improve its bioavailability, thereby enhancing its clinical efficacy. The aim is to consolidate current knowledge and stimulate further research into the therapeutic potential of lupeol and its derivatives.

    Keywords: Lupeol, triterpenoids, Pharmacological properties, bioavailability, Nanotechnology

    Received: 08 Jul 2024; Accepted: 30 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Syahputra, Carensia Gunawan, Dhiya Utari, Dinata, Halim, Estherina, Sitohang, Sukarno, Harahap, Setyowati, Dalimunthe, Park, Yusoff, Zainalabidin, Prananda, Mahadi, Kim and Harahap. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Rony Abdi Syahputra, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.