Wajid Raza ¹ Hina Ali ^1* Walid Soufan ^2* Shazia Anjum ^1* Qaiser Jabeen ^1* MUHAMMAD NAZIM ³ Muhammad Ashraf ¹ Safdar Hussain ^1* Raziya Nadeem ^4* Syed Shah ⁵ Muhammad Zahid Ihsan ^1* Muhammad Abdullah ^1*

• ¹ Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
• ² King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• ³ Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China
• ⁴ University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
• ⁵ Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing tree, rich in secondary metabolites, and grows in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. It is reported to treat more than 300 diseases including urolithiasis. Kidney stone formation occurs in about 12% of the population worldwide. Crude extracts of different parts of M. oleifera are reported to possess antiurolithiatic potential.Objective: Since crude extracts of different parts of M. oleifera are reported to treat urolithiasis, it was aimed to explore phytochemicals responsible for antiurolithiatic potential present in the seeds.In this work, hydro-methanolic seeds' extract was fractionated with non-polar to polar solvents using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, methanol and finally water. Thin layer chromatography of fractions led to the combination and chromatograph the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions over silica that furnished the isolation of two compounds that were characterized through FTIR, 1 HNMR, and 13 CNMR. Furthermore, these compounds were subjected to the determination of antiurolithiatic potential both in vivo and in vitro fashion.Cystone, a herbal medicine, was used as a standard drug in in vivo studies.Results: FTIR and 1 HNMR spectroscopic data helped to elucidate the compound as Niazimicin, a thiocarbamato aromatic rhamnoside, while the second compound was characterized as thiocarbamato aromatic glucoside. In vivo results indicated that niazimicin showed significant results against urolithiasis as compared to the standard, cystone, while in vitro studies of both of the compounds showed good activity against kidney stone formation.The current research work shows that Moringa oleifera seeds contain secondary metabolites, consisting of thiocarbamates moiety, which are potent antiurolithiatic compounds as compared to cystone, the standard drug.