Guo-Guang Gu ^1* Yan-Ping Li ^2* Yun-Yun Hu ^3* Heng-Yi Zhao ^4* Xing-Dong Wang ^5* Xiao-Min Li ^6* Xin-Ran Zhang ^7* Hong Zhu ^8* Xiao-Hua Dai ^9* Xing-Xing Liu ^10* Liyan Miao ¹ Jian-Guo Zhu ^1* Yongfu Hang ^1*

• ¹ The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
• ² First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
• ³ Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
• ⁴ Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
• ⁵ First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
• ⁶ Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
• ⁷ Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
• ⁸ Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
• ⁹ Zhaoqing First People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
• ¹⁰ Guiyang Maternal and child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, China

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of drug-related problems (DRPs) in inpatients with kidney disease to provide a reference data for pharmaceutical care.The basic information, diagnoses, and medication reconciliation (MR) of inpatients in the Department of Nephrology at our hospital between October 2020 and September 2021 were collected.The Chinese-modified DRP version based on the PCNE classification (Version 9.1) was used to assess, intervene and statistically analyze the results of the patients' DRPs. The influence factor of DRPs in inpatients with kidney disease was analyzed by the multivariate binary logistic regression.Of 623 patients included in this study, 132 (21.80%) had DRPs. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in patients with DRPs than those without DRPs (43.18% vs. 28.72%, P < 0.05), the mean number of drug types consumed (7.25 ± 3.44 with DRPs vs. 5.93 ± 3.58 without DRPs, P < 0.05) and the proportion of ≥ 5 drugs (%) (79.55% with DRPs vs. 58.04% without DRPs, P < 0.05) were significantly increased. In addition, the prevalence of hypertension (76.52% vs 68.64%), diabetes (27.27% vs 22.20%) and hyperuricemia (16.67% vs 13.65%) in DRP patients were higher than those without DRPs, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that patients with anemia (OR=1.702, 95%CI: 1.146-2.529, P=0.008), average number of medication types taken (OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.034-1.147, P=0.001) significantly increased the risk of DRPs. The distribution of harm levels was as follows: 78 problems (59.09%) were level C, 29 (21.97%) were level B, 10 (7.58%) were level D, 7(5.30%)were level A, 7(5.30%) were level E, and 1(0.76%) were level F. All DRPs were resolved after 128 interventions.Renal anemia, the average number of drug varieties consumed, and the proportion of ≥ 5 drugs are associated with the occurrence of DRPs. Pharmacists conducting MR services can reduce DRPs of inpatients in the department of nephrology and ensure patient drug safety.