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REVIEW article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Ethnopharmacology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1427147
Pharmacology of boldine: Summary of the field and update on recent advances
Provisionally accepted- 1 Instituto de Neurosciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
- 2 Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- 5 Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- 6 Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
- 7 Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 8 Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 9 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, Alabama, United States
- 10 Albany Stratton VA Medical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Albany, New York, United States
- 11 Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Florida, Illinois, United States
- 12 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- 13 Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 14 Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- 15 Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 16 Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 17 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- 18 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, Alabama, United States
- 19 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
- 20 Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- 21 Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
Over the past decade, boldine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in several plant species including the Chilean Boldo tree, has garnered attention for its efficacy in rodent models of human disease. Some of the properties that have been attributed to boldine include antioxidant activities, neuroprotective and analgesic actions, hepatoprotective effects, anti-inflammatory actions, cardioprotective effects and anticancer potential.Compelling data now indicates that boldine blocks connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) and that many if not all of its effects in rodent models of injury and disease are due to CxHC blockade. Here we provide an overview of boldine's pharmacological properties, including its efficacy in rodent models of common human injuries and diseases, and of its absorption, distribution, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism.
Keywords: Boldine, hemichannels, Pharmacology, connexin (Cx), properties, phramacokinetics
Received: 07 May 2024; Accepted: 29 Aug 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Saez, Burrell, Cahill, CULLEN, Devi, Gilbert, Graham, Gurvich, Havton, Iyengar, Khanna, Palermo, Siddiq, Toro, Zhao and Cardozo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Christopher P. Cardozo, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029-5674, New York, United States
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