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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Drug Metabolism and Transport
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377916

Exploring Stevioside Binding Affinity with various Proteins and Receptors Actively Involve in Signaling Pathway and a Future Candidate for Diabetic Patients

Provisionally accepted
Salman Khan Salman Khan 1Nisar Ahmad (DNA) Nisar Ahmad (DNA) 1*Hina Fazal Hina Fazal 2Ibrahim A. Saleh Ibrahim A. Saleh 3Mostafa Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa Abdel-Maksoud 4Abdul Malik Abdul Malik 5Gehad AbdElgayed Gehad AbdElgayed 6Arshad Jalal Arshad Jalal 7*Kamran Rauf Kamran Rauf 8Liaqat Ali Liaqat Ali 1Sami Ullah Sami Ullah 1Niqab Ullah Niqab Ullah 9Sajjad Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad 1
  • 1 University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
  • 2 Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 3 Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Zarqa, Jordan
  • 4 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
  • 7 São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo, Brazil, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
  • 9 Semey State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is one of the main global health concerns. Synthetic sugar substrate has many side effects such as leukemia, bladder cancer, hepatotoxicity, breast cancer, headache, and brain toxicity. The WHO and FDA has recently banned some of the synthetic sugar alternatives due to their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the safety and binding affinity of Stevioside with Glucose Transpoter-4 (GLUT-4), Akt, Insulin Receptor (IR) and InsulinReceptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) to confirmed that Stevioside is one the potent natural sweetener/drug for diabetes. This study delves into the molecular interaction between Stevioside and key diabetic proteins: GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1. A precise molecular docking approach was used to simulate the binding affinity of Stevioside to these proteins. Computer-aided design and drafting/drug designing (CADD) play a key role in the identification of and proper presentation of different graphical and structural form of drugs and its attachment sites. The pharmacokinetic properties of the molecule should be taken into consideration as important variables throughout the virtual screening process. The result of active site analysis of GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1 showed a zone

    Keywords: diabetes, sugar alternative, Stevioside, safe drug, IRS-1, molecular docking, Akt and

    Received: 28 Jan 2024; Accepted: 16 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Khan, Ahmad (DNA), Fazal, Saleh, Abdel-Maksoud, Malik, AbdElgayed, Jalal, Rauf, Ali, Ullah, Ullah and Ahmad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Nisar Ahmad (DNA), University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
    Arshad Jalal, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo, Brazil, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.