AUTHOR=Chen Yongru , Chen Jingxian , Zhang Shuo , Zhu Dan , Deng Feiying , Zuo Rui , Hu Yufei , Zhao Yue , Duan Yale , Lin Benwei , Chen Fengwu , Liang Yun , Zheng Jiaxiong , Khan Barkat Ali , Hou Kaijian 

TITLE=Real-world effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonist-based treatment strategies on “time in range” in patients with type 2 diabetes

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1370594

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2024.1370594

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide annually, and several methods, including medications, are used for its management; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are one such class of medications. The efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been assessed and have been shown to significantly improve time in range (TIR) in several clinical trials. However, presently, there is a lack of real-world evidence on the efficacy of GLP-1RAs in improving TIR. To address this, we investigated the effect of GLP-1RA-based treatment strategies on TIR among patients with T2DM in real-world clinical practice.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> This multicenter, retrospective, real-world study included patients with T2DM who had previously used a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and received treatment with GLP-1RAs or oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Patients who received OADs served as controls and were matched in a 1:1 ratio to their GLP-1RA counterparts by propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was the TIR after 3–6 months of treatment.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> According to propensity score matching, 202 patients were equally divided between the GLP-1RA and OAD groups. After 3–6 months of treatment, the TIR values for the GLP-1RA and OAD groups were 76.0% and 65.7%, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The GLP-1RA group displayed significantly lower time above range (TAR) and mean glucose values than the OAD group (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that, compared with the administration of liraglutide, the administration of semaglutide and polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) significantly improved TIR over 3–6 months of treatment (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> These real-world findings indicate that GLP-1RA-based treatment strategies could be superior to oral treatment strategies for improving TIR among patients with T2DM and that once-weekly GLP-1RA may be more effective than a once-daily GLP-1RA.</p><p><bold>Clinical trial registration:</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html</ext-link>, identifier number ChiCTR2300073697.</p>