AUTHOR=Shahriar Saimon , Shermin Samia Akter , Hasnat Hasin , Hossain Faisal , Han Aixia , Geng Peiwu , Alam Safaet , Mamun Abdullah Al 

TITLE=Chemico-pharmacological evaluation of the methanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus ovalis: GC–MS/MS, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1347069

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2024.1347069

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> Natural plant-based medicines have gained popularity recently as a major source of inventive, risk-free, and more potent secondary bioactive compounds with medicinal potential. <italic>Catharanthus ovalis</italic> is a perennial shrub containing various indole alkaloids cultivated extensively for local medical purposes.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> This research is conducted to identify the phytocompounds present in the leaves of <italic>C. ovalis</italic> and its central and peripheral analgesic, thrombolytic, and membrane-stabilizing activities through tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing, human blood clot lysis, and erythrocyte lysis by heat and hypotonic solution methods, respectively.</p><p><bold>Results and discussion:</bold> A total of 39 compounds were identified using GC–MS/MS techniques, including hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (56.749%), methyl stearate (29.782%), carvacrol and its TBDMS derivative (12.586%), and 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-] (9.297%) presented in high quantity. The highest tail immersion latency was observed for the 600 mg/kg extract of <italic>C. ovalis</italic> crude extract. Both 400 and 600 mg/kg doses of <italic>C. ovalis</italic> crude extract exhibited prominent peripheral analgesic activity. The maximum thrombolytic effect was observed by DCM soluble fraction extract by inhibiting 54.87% of the clot. However, the aqueous-soluble fraction of this extract manifested an excellent membrane-stabilizing effect by showing 73.98% and 87.51% hemolysis against heat- and hypotonic-induced hemolysis, respectively. Some of the compounds were identified as active agents against different receptors related to these diseases, which supported the findings of <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> tests.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Further investigation needs to be conducted to specify and identify the exact mechanism of action of these compounds.</p>