AUTHOR=Deng Yanxi , Wang Fang , Wu Xinhui , Du Kangming , Yang Qing , Xia Ting 

TITLE=The m6A-regulation and single cell effect pattern in sunitinib resistance on clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Identification and validation of targets

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1131610

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2023.1131610

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Sunitinib is the main target drug for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, the effect of sunitinib is often limited by acquired drug resistance.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The open-accessed data used in this study were obtained from different online public databases, which were analyzed using the R software. The RNA level of specific genes was detected using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Sunitinib-resistant cell lines were constructed based on protocol get from the previous study. Colony formation and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were applied to detect cell proliferation ability.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> In this study, through publicly available data and high-quality analysis, we deeply explored the potential biological mechanisms that affect the resistance of sunitinib. Detailed, data from GSE64052, GSE76068 and The Cancer Genome Atlas were extracted. We identified the IFITM1, IL6, MX2, PCOLCE2, RSAD2 and SLC2A3 were associated with sunitinib resistance. Single-cell analysis, prognosis analysis and m6A regulatory network were conducted to investigate their role. Moreover, the MX2 was selected for further analysis, including its biological role and effect on the ccRCC microenvironment. Interestingly, we noticed that MX2 might be an immune-related gene that could affect the response rate of immunotherapy. Then, <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments validated the overexpression of MX2 in sunitinib-resistance cells. Colony formation assay indicated that the knockdown of MX2 could remarkably inhibit the proliferation ability of 786-O-Res and Caki-1-Res when exposed to sunitinib.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> In summary, through publicly available data and high-quality analysis, we deeply explored the potential biological mechanisms that affect the resistance of sunitinib. MX2 was selected for further analysis, including its biological role and effect on the ccRCC microenvironment. Finally, <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments were used to validate its role in ccRCC.</p>