AUTHOR=Mady Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Reham R. , El-Sayed Elsayed K. , El-Shazly Mohamed , Chen Lo-Yun , Lai Kuei-Hung , El Shaarawy Fatheya S. , Moharram Fatma A. 

TITLE=UHPLC-MS profiles and antidiarrheal activity of Quercus coccinea münchh. and Quercus robur L. employing in vivo technique

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1120146

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2023.1120146

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold><italic>Quercus</italic> L. genus (Oak) belongs to the family Fagaceae and their galls are used commercially in leather tanning, dyeing, and ink preparation. Several <italic>Quercus</italic> species were traditionally used to manage wound healing, acute diarrhea, hemorrhoid, and inflammatory diseases. The present study aims to investigate the phenolic content of the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> and <italic>Q. robur</italic> leaves as well as to assess their anti-diarrheal activity.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Polyphenolic content of <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> and <italic>Q. robur</italic> AME were investigated using UHPLC/MS. The antidiarrheal potential of the obtained extracts was evaluated by conducting a castor oil-induced diarrhea <italic>in-vivo</italic> model.</p><p><bold>Result and Discussion:</bold> Twenty-five and twenty-six polyphenolic compounds were tentatively identified in <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> and <italic>Q. robur</italic> AME, respectively. The identified compounds are related to quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and apigenin glycosides and their aglycones. In addition, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acid, phenyl propanoides derivatives, and cucurbitacin F were also identified in both species AME of <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) exhibited a significant prolongation in the onset of diarrhea by 17.7 %, 42.6%, and 79.7% respectively while AME of <italic>Q. robur</italic> at the same doses significantly prolonged the onset of diarrhea by 38.6%, 77.3%, and 2.4 folds respectively as compared to the control. Moreover, the percentage of diarrheal inhibition of <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> was 23.8%, 28.57%, and 42,86% respectively, and for <italic>Q. robur</italic> 33.34%, 47.3%, and 57.14% respectively as compared to the control group. Both extracts significantly decreased the volume of intestinal fluid by 27%, 39.78%, and 50.1% for <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> respectively; and by 38.71%, 51.19%, and 60% for <italic>Q. robur</italic> respectively as compared to the control group. In addition, AME of <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> exhibited a peristaltic index of 53.48, 47.18, and 42.28 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 18.98%, 28.53%, and 35.95 % respectively; while AME of <italic>Q. robur</italic> exhibited a peristaltic index of 47.71, 37, and 26.41 with significant inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by 27.72%, 43.89%, and 59.99% respectively as compared with the control group. Notably, <italic>Q. robur</italic> showed a better antidiarrheal effect in comparison with <italic>Q. coccinea</italic> and, the highest effect was observed for <italic>Q. robur</italic> at 1000 mg/kg as it was nonsignificant from the loperamide standard group in all measured parameters.</p>