AUTHOR=Qiu Zejing , Liu Wencheng , Zhu Qianru , Ke Kun , Zhu Qicong , Jin Weiwei , Yu Shuxian , Yang Zuyi , Li Lin , Sun Xiaochen , Ren Shuyi , Liu Yanfen , Zhu Zhiyu , Zeng Jiangping , Huang Xiaoyu , Huang Yan , Wei Lu , Ma Mengmeng , Lu Jun , Chen Xiaoyang , Mou Yiping , Xie Tian , Sui Xinbing TITLE=The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Macropinocytosis in Cancer JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.919819 DOI=10.3389/fphar.2022.919819 ISSN=1663-9812 ABSTRACT=

Macropinocytosis, a unique endocytosis pathway characterized by nonspecific internalization, has a vital role in the uptake of extracellular substances and antigen presentation. It is known to have dual effects on cancer cells, depending on cancer type and certain microenvironmental conditions. It helps cancer cells survive in nutrient-deficient environments, enhances resistance to anticancer drugs, and promotes invasion and metastasis. Conversely, overexpression of the RAS gene alongside drug treatment can lead to methuosis, a novel mode of cell death. The survival and proliferation of cancer cells is closely related to macropinocytosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but identifying how these cells interface with the TME is crucial for creating drugs that can limit cancer progression and metastasis. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on designing anticancer therapies that utilize the effects of macropinocytosis. Both the induction and inhibition of macropinocytosis are useful strategies for combating cancer cells. This article systematically reviews the general mechanisms of macropinocytosis, its specific functions in tumor cells, its occurrence in nontumor cells in the TME, and its application in tumor therapies. The aim is to elucidate the role and therapeutic potential of macropinocytosis in cancer treatment.