Editorial: The polysaccharides from marine organisms and fungi: Biological functions and molecular mechanisms

Editorial on the Research Topic
The polysaccharides from marine organisms and fungi: Biological functions and molecular mechanisms

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on applications of marine algae (macro- and micro-), fungi and other marine organisms, as a result of the identification of different substances synthesized by these organisms. The immense biodiversity and consequent variability in the biochemical composition of the biomass obtained from algae cultures, combined with their genetic improvement and the development of large-scale cultivation technology, have made them a target of interest for the industry, namely the food industry, and pharmaceutical.

Algae and fungi are a potential source of obtaining various biologically active ingredients, such as carotenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, among others, with an efficiency superior to that verified by traditional terrestrial vegetable cultures, these can be used in the development of functional foods, which has led to the recent increase in commercial interest in marine algae and fungi.

The natural properties of algae allow the extraction of compost with active antimicrobial, antitumoral, antiviral, etc., compounds that are difficult to synthesize, thus allowing greater efficiency in drug development. For In addition, there are currently several cosmetics on the market, aimed at skin care and sun protection, which contain marine algae or fungi extracts in their composition.

In this Research Topic, four original research articles and one review article were published, the latter entitled “Fungal Mushrooms: A Natural Compound with Therapeutic Applications,” (Chugh et al.) in which approximately 130 medicinal activities such as antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardioprotective and antiviral actions are assumed to be produced by the various varieties of medicinal mushrooms.

Of the original research articles, one was published with the title “Polyporus Polysaccharide Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Suppressing Myofibroblast Differentiation via TGF-β/Smad2/3 Pathway” (Jiang et al.) and, in this work, it was demonstrated that the polysaccharide Polyporus (PPS) markedly improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

The authors of the article “Hyaluronic Acid–Stabilized Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles for Promoting In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors,” (Zhang et al.) reported the creation of hyaluronic acid (HA)-stabilized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles prepared by a hydrothermal coprecipitation method and followed by electrostatic adsorption of HA onto the nanoparticle surface, demonstrating that nanoparticles can be used as effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both in vitro in HeLa cells and in vivo in a rodents xenografted HeLa tumor model.

The article titled “Porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis Alleviates Obesity by Reducing Lipid Accumulation and Modulating gut Microbiota Homeostasis” (Wang et al.). In this article it is mentioned that the polysaccharide porphyran possesses various activities, while the effects of the porphyran from Neoporphyra haitanensis (formerly Porphyra haitanensis) (Rhodophyta) on obesity are rarely reported. In summary, this study illustrated that porphyran extracted from N. haitanensis has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent.

Last but not least, the article entitled “Recombinant Phage Displaying ToAP2D Peptide with Antifungal Activity against Sporothrix globosa” (Yan et al.) addresses the antifungal effect on Sporothrix and the corresponding mechanism. The authors of this study believe that the recombinant phage inhibits the growth of Sporothrix by adjusting the immune response of the mice, inducing Sporothrix apoptosis and improving the animal’s survival. Therefore, this study offers a new approach for the preparation of antimicrobial peptides.

Author contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.