AUTHOR=Teng Yintong , He Jiaqi , Zhong Qingping , Zhang Yangmei , Lu Zhenxing , Guan Tianwang , Pan Yuxuan , Luo Xiaodi , Feng Weijing , Ou Caiwen 

TITLE=Grape exosome-like nanoparticles: A potential therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1025768

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2022.1025768

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p>Vascular calcification (VC) is prevalent in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and aging and has been identified as an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. With the complicated mechanisms involved in VC, there is no effective therapy. Thus, a strategy for attenuating the development of VC is of clinical importance. Recent studies suggest that grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs) are involved in cell–cell communication as a means of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are known to modulate VC development. In this review, we discuss the roles of GENs and their potential mechanisms in the development of VC.</p>