AUTHOR=Marques Sany D. G. , Fernandes Diégina A. , Teles Yanna C. F. , Menezes Renata. P. B. , Maia Mayara S. , Scotti Marcus T. , Agra Maria F. , Silva Tania M. S. , de Souza Maria de Fátima Vanderlei 

TITLE=Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell (Malvaceae): A Promising Source of Bioactive Sulfated Flavonoids Against Aedes aegypti L

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.760156

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2021.760156

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Aedes aegypti</italic> L. is known as the most relevant vector mosquito for viruses such as yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika, especially in places with unplanned urbanization, and erratic water supply. Plants used in folk medicine have become a useful source of active compounds with the potential to control the dissemination of <italic>Ae. aegypti.</italic> Compounds isolated from Malvaceae <italic>sensu lato</italic> have been previously reported as larvicides, repellents, and insecticides. Recent studies have demonstrated the anti <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> activity of sulfated flavonoids, an uncommon type of flavonoid derivatives<italic>.</italic> This research reports the phytochemical investigation of <italic>Sidastrum paniculatum</italic> (L.) Fryxell, a Malvaceae species with the potential against <italic>Ae. aegypti.</italic> Chromatographic procedures resulted in the isolation of the compounds: stearic acid (<bold>1</bold>), N-<italic>trans</italic>-feruloyltyramine (<bold>2</bold>), acacetin (<bold>3</bold>), apigenin (<bold>4</bold>), tiliroside (<bold>5</bold>), along with the sulfated flavonoids: wissadulin (<bold>6</bold>), 7,4′-di-<italic>O</italic>-methyl-8-<italic>O</italic>-sulfate flavone (<bold>7</bold>), yannin (<bold>8</bold>), beltraonin (<bold>9a</bold>), 7-<italic>O</italic>-sulfate isoscutellarein (paniculatumin) (<bold>9b</bold>), and condadin (<bold>10</bold>). This is the first report of compound 7-<italic>O</italic>-sulfate isoscutellarein (<bold>9b</bold>). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, LC-HRMS and FT-IR). The sulfated flavonoids identified were submitted to a ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening against two targets: 1YIY (from adult <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic>) and 1PZ4 (from <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> larvae). The results indicated that when the <italic>O</italic>-sulfate group is bearing the position 7, the structures are potentially active in 1PZ4 protein. On the other hand, flavonoids with the <italic>O</italic>-sulfate group bearing position 8 were showed to be more likely to bind to the 1YIY protein. Our findings indicated that <italic>S. paniculatum</italic> is a promising source of sulfated flavonoids with potential against <italic>Ae. aegypti.</italic></p>