AUTHOR=Shanti Aya , Hallfors Nicholas , Petroianu Georg A , Planelles Lourdes , Stefanini Cesare TITLE=Lymph Nodes-On-Chip: Promising Immune Platforms for Pharmacological and Toxicological Applications JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.711307 DOI=10.3389/fphar.2021.711307 ISSN=1663-9812 ABSTRACT=

Organs-on-chip are gaining increasing attention as promising platforms for drug screening and testing applications. However, lymph nodes-on-chip options remain limited although the lymph node is one of the main determinants of the immunotoxicity of newly developed pharmacological drugs. In this review, we describe existing biomimetic lymph nodes-on-chip, their design, and their physiological relevance to pharmacology and shed the light on future directions associated with lymph node-on-chip design and implementation in drug discovery and development.