AUTHOR=Aihaiti Yirixiati , Song Cai Yong , Tuerhong Xiadiye , Ni Yang Yan , Ma Yao , Shi Zheng Hai , Xu Ke , Xu Peng TITLE=Therapeutic Effects of Naringin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.672054 DOI=10.3389/fphar.2021.672054 ISSN=1663-9812 ABSTRACT=
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent hyperplasia of the synovial membrane and progressive erosion of articular cartilage. Disequilibrium between the proliferation and death of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) is the critical factor in progression of RA. Naringin has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in acute and chronic animal models of RA. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of naringin in human RA-FLS remain unclear. Based on network pharmacology, the corresponding targets of naringin were identified using SwissTargetPrediction database, STITCH database, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA were obtained from the GEO database. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of intersected targets were constructed using the STRING database and visualized using Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and the pathways directly related to pathogenesis of RA were integrated manually. Further,