AUTHOR=Collado Aida , Domingo Elena , Marques Patrice , Perello Eva , Martínez-Hervás Sergio , Piqueras Laura , Ascaso Juan F. , Real José T. , Sanz Maria-Jesus 

TITLE=Oral Unsaturated Fat Load Impairs Postprandial Systemic Inflammation in Primary Hypercholesterolemia Patients

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.656244

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2021.656244

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Context: </bold>Primary hypercholesterolemia (PH) is a lipid disorder characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with PH, which might explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in this setting.</p><p><bold>Objective: </bold>To evaluate the effect of an oral unsaturated fat load (OUFL) on different immune parameters and functional consequences in patients with PH in postprandial state.</p><p><bold>Design: </bold>A commercial liquid preparation of long-chain triglycerides (Supracal<sup>®</sup>; <italic>ω</italic>6/<italic>ω</italic>3 ratio &gt;20/1, OUFL) was administered to 20 patients and 10 age-matched controls. Whole blood was collected before (fasting state) and 4 h after administration (postprandial state). Flow cytometry was employed to determine platelet and leukocyte activation, and the levels of circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Soluble markers were determined by ELISA, and the parallel-plate flow chamber was employed to study leukocyte adhesion to the dysfunctional arterial endothelium.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The PH group had a lower percentage of activated platelets and circulating type 1 monocytes, and blunted neutrophil activation after the OUFL, accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of regulatory T lymphocytes. In this group, the OUFL led to a significant impairment of leukocyte adhesion to the dysfunctional [tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated] endothelium and reduced the plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, platelet factor-4 (PF-4)/CXCL4, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5, and TNFα.</p><p><bold>Conclusion: </bold>The OUFL has a beneficial impact on the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state of PH patients and might be a promising macronutrient approach to dampen the systemic inflammation associated with PH and the development of further cardiovascular events.</p>