AUTHOR=Ma Zhenyuan , Huang Zhengquan , Zhang Li , Li Xiaochen , Xu Bo , Xiao Yancheng , Shi Xiaoqing , Zhang Haosheng , Liao Taiyang , Wang Peimin
TITLE=Vanillic Acid Reduces Pain-Related Behavior in Knee Osteoarthritis Rats Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Synovitis
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology
VOLUME=11
YEAR=2021
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.599022
DOI=10.3389/fphar.2020.599022
ISSN=1663-9812
ABSTRACT=Objectives: Synovitis plays an important role in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. The activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) promotes KOA development. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vanillic acid (VA), a monomer derived from Chinese herbal medicines, could target NLRP3 inflammasome-related synovitis to reduce pain.
Methods: Rats in the KOA and KOA + VA groups were injected with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the knee to induce KOA. From day 14, the KOA + VA group was given VA at 30 mg/kg every day via gastric intubation. FLSs were collected from the synovial tissues. We examined both the protein and gene expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), NLRP3, components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in vivo and in vitro.
Results: The upregulation of caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3 in the KOA model were reduced by VA. VA also lowered the level of IL-1β and IL-18 in the KOA model. In addition, VA relieved pain-related behavior of KOA model rats and downregulated the pain mediators CGRP, NGF, and TrkA in FLSs. Interestingly, we also observed reduced synovial fibrosis in the animal experiments.
Conclusion: Our research showed that VA reduces synovitis and pain-related behaviors in a rat model of KOA, which provides the basis for further investigations into the potential therapeutic impact of VA in KOA.