AUTHOR=Fu Li , Han Bing , Zhou Yang , Ren Jie , Cao Wenzhi , Patel Gopal , Kai Guoyin , Zhang Jun 

TITLE=The Anticancer Properties of Tanshinones and the Pharmacological Effects of Their Active Ingredients

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.00193

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2020.00193

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p>Cancer is a common malignant disease worldwide with an increasing mortality in recent years. <italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza</italic>, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for thousands of years. The liposoluble tanshinones in <italic>S. miltiorrhiza</italic> are important bioactive components and mainly include tanshinone IIA, dihydrodanshinone, tanshinone I, and cryptotanshinone. Previous studies showed that these four tanshinones exhibited distinct inhibitory effects on tumor cells through different molecular mechanisms <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. The mechanisms mainly include the inhibition of tumor cell growth, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, apoptosis induction, cell autophagy, and antitumor immunity, and so on. In this review, we describe the latest progress on the antitumor functions and mechanisms of these four tanshinones to provide a deeper understanding of the efficacy. In addition, the important role of tumor immunology is also reviewed.</p>