AUTHOR=Luisi Maria Luisa Eliana , Lucarini Laura , Biffi Barbara , Rafanelli Elena , Pietramellara Giacomo , Durante Mariaconcetta , Vidali Sofia , Provensi Gustavo , Madiai Sara , Gheri Chiara Francesca , Masini Emanuela , Ceccherini Maria Teresa 

TITLE=Effect of Mediterranean Diet Enriched in High Quality Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Obese and Normal Weight Adult Subjects

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01366

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2019.01366

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is useful in the prevention of overweight, obesity and metabolic disease. High Quality-Extra Virgin Olive Oil (HQ-EVOO), an essential component of this diet, exerts protective effects against chronic diseases. Gut Microbiota (GM), recognized as a key factor in driving metabolic activities, is involved in the regulation of host immunity. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and their probio-active cellular substances produce beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> Eighteen overweight/obese subjects (cases, BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and 18 normal weight controls (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were fed with MD enriched with 40 g/die HQ-EVOO for three months. Feces and blood samples were collected at time 0 (T0) and after three months (T1) for LAB composition, oxidative stress, metabolic and inflammation parameter determinations.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Myeloperoxidase and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, were significantly decreased after MD rich in HQ-EVOO both in controls and in cases. Proinflammatory cytokines levels were significantly decreased in cases in comparison to controls, while IL-10 and adiponectin were significantly increased in cases. LAB’s <italic>rpo</italic>B copies/ng of DNA increased 55.6 folds in cases compared to their baseline after MD rich in HQ-EVOO. MD rich in HQ-EVOO increased adiponectin and IL-10 concentration in overweight/obese subjects and decreased oxidative stress and inflammation parameters and at the same time, increased LAB number in GM.</p><p><bold>Discussion:</bold> Our results indicate that MD rich in HQ-EVOO induces an increase of LAB in GM and could have a potential role in the prevention of inflammation.</p><p><bold>Clinical Trial Registration:</bold><uri xlink:href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">www.ClinicalTrials.gov</uri>, identifier NCT03441802.</p>