AUTHOR=Zhang Dandan , Cui Youwen , Zhang Xinping 

TITLE=Estimating Factors Related to Fluoroquinolone Resistance Based on One Health Perspective: Static and Dynamic Panel Data Analyses From Europe

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01145

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2019.01145

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives:</bold> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become <bold>a One</bold> Health problem in which fluoroquinolone resistance has caused great concern. The aim of this study is to estimate factors related to fluoroquinolone resistance involving the professionals and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in human and animal fields.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> A country-level panel data set in Europe from 2005 to 2016 was constructed. The dependent variables were measured by <bold><italic>Escherichia coli</italic></bold> (<bold><italic>E. coli</italic></bold>) and <bold><italic>Pseudomonasaeruginosa</italic></bold> (<bold><italic>P. aeruginosa</italic></bold>) resistance rates to fluoroquinolones. Both the static and dynamic panel data models were employed to estimate the above factors associated with the resistance rates.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The 10% increase in the number of medical staff and veterinary professionals per 100,000 population were significantly correlated with the 32.44% decrease of <bold><italic>P. aeruginosa</italic></bold> and 0.57% decrease of <bold><italic>E. coli</italic></bold> resistance rates to fluoroquinolones (Coef. = −3.244, −0.057; p = 0.000, 0.030, respectively). The 10% increase in the human AMC was correlated with 10.06% and 8.04% increase of <bold><italic>P. aeruginosa</italic></bold> resistance rates to fluoroquinolones in static and dynamic models (Coef. = 1.006, 0.804; p = 0.006, 0.001, respectively). The 10% increase in veterinary AMC was related to a 1.65% decrease of <bold><italic>P. aeruginosa</italic></bold> resistance rates to fluoroquinolones (Coef. = −0.165, p = 0.019).</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> The increases in medical and veterinary professionals are respectively associated with the decrease of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> and <italic>E. coli</italic> resistance rates to fluoroquinolones. The increase in human AMC is also associated with increase of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> resistance rates, while the increase in veterinary AMC was found to be associated with a decrease in resistance rate for <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>.</p>