AUTHOR=Ma Fei-Fei , Wang Hao , Wei Chao-Kun , Thakur Kiran , Wei Zhao-Jun , Jiang Li 

TITLE=Three Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides Isolated From Ginkgo biloba Seeds: Purification, Inhibitory Kinetic and Mechanism

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pharmacology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01579

DOI=10.3389/fphar.2018.01579

ISSN=1663-9812

ABSTRACT=<p>Alcalase, dispase, trypsin, and flavourzyme were used to hydrolyze the extracted <italic>Ginkgo biloba</italic> seeds protein isolate (GPI). The <italic>Ginkgo</italic> protein hydrolyzates (GPHs) with the maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE inhibitory activity were selected, and ultra-filtered to obtain components with different molecular weights (MW) (&lt;1 kDa, 1–3, 3–5, and 5–10 kDa). The components with MW of &lt;1 kDa showed better ACE inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub>:0.2227 mg/mL). Purification and identification by Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and LC-MS/MS conferred three new potential ACE inhibitory peptides [TNLDWY (non-competitive suppression mode), IC<sub>50</sub>: 1.932 mM; RADFY (competitive inhibition modes), IC<sub>50</sub>:1.35 mM; RVFDGAV (competitive inhibition modes), IC<sub>50</sub>:1.006 mM]. Molecular docking depicting the inhibitory mechanism for ACE inhibitory peptides indicated that the peptides bound well to ACE and interacted with amino acid residues at the ACE active site.</p>