94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good
Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.
Find out more
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1558524
This article is part of the Research Topic Human Milk, Nutrition and Infant Development, Volume II View all 3 articles
The human milk endocannabinoidome is preserved by high hydrostatic pressure processing but altered by holder pasteurization
Provisionally accepted
Lucie Marousez 1
Elizabeth Dumais 2
Léa Chantal Tran 1 Laure Dubernat 1
Marie De Lamballerie 3 Frédéric Gottrand 1 Delphine Ley 1
Nicolas Flamand 2 Vincenzo Di Marzo 2
Jean Lesage 1*- 1 Université de Lille, Lille, France
- 2 University Institute of Cardiology and Respirology of Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- 3 INRA Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
The microbiological safety of donor milk (DM) is commonly ensured by holder pasteurization (HoP, 62.5°C for 30 min) in human milk banks despite its detrimental effects on several bioactive factors. We compared the concentration of twelve endocannabinoid (eCB)-like mediators in raw DM and in DM after holder pasteurization or high hydrostatic pressure processing (HHP, 350 MPa at 38°C), a non-thermal substitute for DM pasteurization. We measured five N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and seven 2-mono-acyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) in raw-DM, HHP-DM and HoP-DM using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). HoP-DM and HHP-DM demonstrated comparable concentrations compared with raw DM of 2-MAGs as well as for Ndocosapentaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA, an NAE). However, four other NAEs, including Narachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA), N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA) and N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LEA) were significantly increased by HoP. Our study suggests that HHP-DM may more suitable than HoP-DM to improve the development of preterm infants through the preservation of milk eCB mediators at level close to their initial levels in raw DM.
Keywords: human milk, Endocannabinoidome, high hydrostatic pressure, Holder pasteurization, preterm infant
Received: 10 Jan 2025; Accepted: 25 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Marousez, Dumais, Tran, Dubernat, De Lamballerie, Gottrand, Ley, Flamand, Marzo and Lesage. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jean Lesage, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.