A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: 2004-2024

Lu BaiYue Xin^*

• Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

IntroductionBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease predominantly affecting preterm infants, often requiring mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. The pathogenesis of BPD involves a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental insults, such as oxidative stress and mechanical ventilation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for BPD due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the publication landscape surrounding MSC therapy for BPD to identify research trends, collaborative networks, influential research clusters, and emerging research frontiers from 2004 to 2024.MethodsA bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the primary database due to its comprehensive citation indexing and standardized metadata. To ensure data integrity, we included publications from January 2004 (when the first relevant MSC studies for BPD began appearing) to November 2024. The search query combined terms related to BPD and MSCs, focusing on English-language articles and reviews. After retrieval, data were cleaned through duplicate removal and relevance verification processes. Quantitative analysis was performed on publication counts, authors, journals, institutions, and countries. Visual analysis tools, VOSviewer and CiteSpace, were employed to map collaboration networks and identify research clusters through co-citation and co-occurrence analyses. Statistical validation of bibliometric distributions was conducted using Bradford's law and Price's law. Citation metrics were normalized by publication year to account for citation accumulation bias.ResultsA total of 353 publications were analyzed, including 216 articles and 137 reviews, from 555 institutions across 35 countries. Time-series analysis revealed a significant acceleration in publication output after 2015 (p<0.01), with a compound annual growth rate of 18.2%. The United States was the leading contributor (131 publications, 37.1%), followed by China (72 publications, 20.4%) and Canada (54 publications, 15.3%). Network analysis identified five distinct collaborative clusters, with limited cross-cluster collaboration. Citation analysis, normalized for publication age, revealed that the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine had the highest field-weighted citation impact (3.8). Keyword co-occurrence analysis demonstrated a significant shift from whole-cell therapies to extracellular vesicle research after 2018