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REVIEW article

Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Immunology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1471743
This article is part of the Research Topic Infection, Immunity and Microecology in Children View all articles

Shaping oral and intestinal microbiota and the immune system during the first 1000 days of life

Provisionally accepted
Jie Zhu Jie Zhu 1Mingxin He Mingxin He 2Simin Li Simin Li 1Yumeng Lei Yumeng Lei 1Xiaochen Xiang Xiaochen Xiang 1Zhi Guo Zhi Guo 2*Qiang Wang Qiang Wang 1*
  • 1 Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  • 2 Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The first 1, 000 days of life, from the fetal stage of a woman's pregnancy to 2 years of age after the baby is born, is a critical period for microbial colonization of the body and development of the immune system. The immune system and microbiota exhibit great plasticity at this stage and play a crucial role in subsequent development and future health. Two-way communication and interaction between immune system and microbiota is helpful to maintain human microecological balance and immune homeostasis. Currently, there is a growing interest in the important role of the microbiota in the newborn, and it is believed that the absence or dysbiosis of human commensal microbiota early in life can have lasting health consequences. Thus, this paper summarizes research advances in the establishment of the oral and intestinal microbiome and immune system in early life, emphasizing the substantial impact of microbiota diversity in the prenatal and early postnatal periods, and summarizes that maternal microbes, mode of delivery, feeding practices, antibiotics, probiotics, and the environment shape the oral and intestinal microbiota of infants in the first 1, 000 days of life and their association with the immune system.

    Keywords: First 1000 days of life, Oral microbiota, intestinal microbiota, Microecology, Immune System

    Received: 28 Jul 2024; Accepted: 10 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Zhu, He, Li, Lei, Xiang, Guo and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Zhi Guo, Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
    Qiang Wang, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.