Miguel Castellan ^1,2* Lisandro A. Piaggio ³

• ¹ Pediatric Urology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL - Florida, United States
• ² Pediatric Urology, Nicklaus Children's Health System, Miami, Florida, United States
• ³ Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina

In pediatric patients with duplex kidneys undergoing upper pole heminephrectomy is one of the options when treating an obstructed upper pole. 3 Wang et al, reported on the risk factors for postoperative adverse events in 53 children with duplex kidneys who underwent an upper pole heminephrectomy. In this retrospective study, they used a univariate and multivariate analysis, and the incidence of postoperative adverse events was 30.2% and the reoperation rate was 9.4%. The presence of upper renal ureterocele, as well as the presence of accessory renal artery type as the upper kidney's blood supply artery increased the risk of postoperative adverse events. They were an independent risk factors for postoperative adverse events, Urodynamic studies (UDS) are commonly used to evaluate lower urinary tract function in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder or other related conditions. 4 Yang et al. conducted a singlecenter study in Chengdu, China, to evaluate a Y-shaped connection device for pediatric patients undergoing UDS with indwelling catheters. The study involved 45 children with a mean age of 13 years, comparing the Y-shaped device to a standard UDS procedure. Compared to traditional traces, the trace curve obtained with the Y-shaped connection device is thicker and exhibits more pronounced fluctuations. Regarding complications, 8 (17.8%) patients experienced bleeding during re-catheterization in the traditional UDS approach. In contrast, no patients experienced bleeding with the Y-shaped device. The results demonstrated that the Y-shaped device effectively measures the storage period while causing less pain and bleeding. This makes it a promising alternative for children requiring UDS, especially those with neurogenic bladder focusing on filling phase parameters.The Shehata technique offers a vessel-sparing approach to treating high intra-abdominal testes. It involves a two-stage procedure, fixing the testis to the contralateral anterior superior iliac spine during the first stage and then mobilizing it into the scrotum during the second. 5 Lin et al. reported successful outcomes in 20 patients with an average follow-up of 26.05 months. The study, conducted at Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, found no testicular atrophy or other complications. They concluded that the Shehata technique is a viable option for treating high undescended intraabdominal testes that cannot be brought into the scrotum in a single procedure.Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is an uncommon congenital anomaly that can present as scrotal enlargement, often mimicking a testicular tumor. 6 This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal masses, particularly when history suggests a long-standing, stable lesion. Luo et al. reported three cases of SGF and reviewed the relevant literature. All reported cases involved the left side. This study underscores the importance of recognizing SGF and highlights the role of preoperative imaging, such as ultrasound, in making an accurate diagnosis. SGF can also be presented as cryptorchidism. Laparoscopic surgery, either staged or single-stage, is a suitable approach for definitive management. By increasing awareness of SGF, clinicians can improve preoperative diagnosis and optimize treatment planning for patients with scrotal enlargement. This research topic and its associated manuscripts collectively highlight contemporary approaches to various pediatric urological conditions. These contributions enhance our understanding and management of these conditions. We extend our gratitude to all contributors and hope that readers find these articles informative and beneficial.