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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Pediatr.
Sec. General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1475891

Age-related characteristics of sedation in pediatric patients and their correlated adverse events: a cohort study

Provisionally accepted
Yixing Lu Yixing Lu 1Xiaoling Nong Xiaoling Nong 2*Wenqing Jiang Wenqing Jiang 1*Yanlv Qin Yanlv Qin 1*Shunzhong Jing Shunzhong Jing 1*Tao Chi Tao Chi 1*Wei Peng Wei Peng 1*Siyan Liu Siyan Liu 3*Yunan Lin Yunan Lin 4*
  • 1 Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
  • 2 Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China
  • 3 Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
  • 4 The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the features and potential hazards of sedation in children of varying ages. Additionally, the study aimed to comprehend these variations to enhance the safety and efficacy of clinical applications. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on case data involving pediatric patients who underwent imaging procedures in outpatient settings and necessitated procedural sedation from 2022 to 2024. The research participants were categorized into three age groups: ≤ 1 year, 1-3 years, and 3-12 years. The primary sedative agents administered were oral midazolam in conjunction with intranasal dexmedetomidine. We examined the effects of sedation and the occurrence of adverse events across various age groups. Additionally, we applied multivariate logistic regression to identify factors linked to these adverse events. Results: The study observed 2194 children, with 879 (40.1 %) being ≤1-year-old. The ≤ 1-year-old group achieved faster sleep onset at 18.7 ± 0.3 minutes, with no significant variance in awakening time and length of stay among the groups. The incidence of adverse events varied significantly by age, with the highest rate of 12.2 % in the ≤ 1-year-old group and the lowest rate of 9.7 % in the 3–12-year-old group. Multivariate analysis revealed age as an independent factor affecting adverse event occurrence, with a relative risk ratio (AOR) of 2.21 (95 % CI: 1.31 to 3.75) for delayed awakening in children ≤ 1-year-old, 15.03 (95 % CI: 1.92 to 117.61) for hypoglycemia, and a relative risk ratio (AOR) of 4.58 (95 % CI: 2.22 to 9.42) for receiving a significant intervention. Conclusions: Significant variations in sedation reactions and adverse events were observed across the different age groups. Specifically, children aged ≤1 year exhibited a higher susceptibility to adverse events such as delayed awakening and hypoglycemia.

    Keywords: Children, sedation, age, adverse events, Delayed awakening, Hypoglycemia Trial Registration: chictr.org.cn; Identifier: ChiCTR2400082774

    Received: 04 Aug 2024; Accepted: 29 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Lu, Nong, Jiang, Qin, Jing, Chi, Peng, Liu and Lin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Xiaoling Nong, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Region, China
    Wenqing Jiang, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Yanlv Qin, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Shunzhong Jing, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Tao Chi, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Wei Peng, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Siyan Liu, Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
    Yunan Lin, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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