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REVIEW article

Front. Pediatr.
Sec. Pediatric Neurology
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1451688
This article is part of the Research Topic Recent Advances in Pediatric Neuroradiology View all 5 articles

MOG-Antibody-Associated Transverse Myelitis with the H-sign and Unusual MRI Enhancement: A case report and Literature Review

Provisionally accepted
Lu Zhang Lu Zhang 1,2Chuan Feng Chuan Feng 1,2Ling He Ling He 1,2Shi-Yu Huang Shi-Yu Huang 1,2Xin-Yin Liu Xin-Yin Liu 1,2Xiao Fan Xiao Fan 1,2*
  • 1 Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing Municipality, China
  • 2 Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Transverse myelitis is the second most common symptoms in myelin oligodendrocyte antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD), causing obvious clinical manifestation. T2-hyperintense lesions mainly restricted to the gray matter in the spinal cord on axial magnetic resonance imaging, produce the H-sign, which is thought to be the typical finding of MOGAD. Contrast enhancement can be observed in some cases of myelin oligodendrocyte antibody-associated transverse myelitis (MOGTM). However, reports on the enhancement pattern associated with the H-sign are rarely seen. In this report, we describe a case of pediatric MOG-TM in which the H-sign was observed without enhancement, while the surrounding white matter exhibited enhancement. This pattern contradicts the previously observed gray matter involvement. Then we reviewed the literatures of myelin oligodendrocyte antibody-positive myelitis to focus on the neuroimaging features and discuss the implications of our finding.

    Keywords: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, antibody, Myelitis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, H-sign

    Received: 19 Jun 2024; Accepted: 28 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Feng, He, Huang, Liu and Fan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Xiao Fan, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China

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