AUTHOR=Han Wendong , Cai Jingjie , Zhang Wangping , Wei Rong , Jiang Yan 

TITLE=Effects of prophylactic nalbuphine on emergence agitation and postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing ENT surgery with sevoflurane anesthesia

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2024.1353027

DOI=10.3389/fped.2024.1353027

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the prophylactic nalbuphine on EA in pediatric patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The children undergoing ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery were administered 0.2 mg/kg nalbuphine (the nalbuphine group) or the same volume of normal saline (the control group) 5 min before the end of the surgery. The extubating time, time to eye-opening and duration of the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) were recorded. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored before and 5 min after nalbuphine administration. Pain was assessed using Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scales, and the drug-related postoperative complications (e.g., EA, delayed awakening, nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression) were recorded.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>One-hundred and thirty pediatric patients were randomly divided into nalbuphine and control groups (<italic>n</italic> = 65). The nalbuphine group showed a significantly lower incidence of EA than the control group (20% vs. 46.2%, <italic>P </italic>= 0.002). No significant differences between the two groups were observed in heart rate and blood pressure 5 min after nalbuphine administration (<italic>P</italic> &gt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding extubating time, time to eye-opening, and duration of PACU. The FLACC scales demonstrated lower values in the nalbuphine group than in the control group during the initial 4 h after the surgery. However, the FLACC scales showed similar values between 5 and 12 h after the surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that prophylactic natbuphine could minimize the incidence of EA in pediatric patients following ENT surgery without increasing the extubating time and PACU duration.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical Trial Registration</title><p><uri xlink:href="http://www.chictr.org.cn" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.chictr.org.cn</uri>, identifier [ChiCTR2300070046].</p></sec>