AUTHOR=Strah Danielle , Stanley Kelly , Oatmen Kelsie , Kylat Ranjit I. , Dishop Megan , de la Maza Michelina 

TITLE=An unusual presentation of neonatal rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1233334

DOI=10.3389/fped.2023.1233334

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=A full-term infant with unremarkable prenatal course presented at birth with a large midline facial mass and smaller masses in the head and neck. Additionally, multiple diffuse flesh-colored nodules spread along all the upper and lower limbs. Extensive evaluation to cover a broad differential diagnosis of infectious, lymphatic/vascular, and oncologic etiology was undertaken. The initial suspicion was confirmed by biopsy of the skin lesion as congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood, however neonatal RMS is exceedingly rare. Her initial treatment included vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide in addition to salvage ifosfamide and etoposide which were dose adjusted for age. Herein we describe the presentation of an infant with RMS who had initial improvement before relapsing and succumbing to her disease at five months of age. A review of the limited literature available of this rare condition and newer treatment regimens with improving mortality is described.