AUTHOR=Chen Jing , Qi Xin , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Jing , Han Tong , Wang Chunxiang , Cai Chunquan 

TITLE=Review on neuroimaging in pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1149646

DOI=10.3389/fped.2023.1149646

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) has identified a new classification system for brain and spinal cord tumors, highlighting the pivotal role of molecular diagnosis in accurately categorizing neoplasms. One of the key distinctions, in addition to previous classifications, lies in the separate categorization of pediatric-type, diffuse, low-grade gliomas (pDLGG) and pediatric-type, diffuse, high-grade gliomas (pDHGG) as distinct tumor types. Although similar in histology and morphology, pediatric diffuse gliomas are completely different from the adult type with respect to the molecular genetic characteristics and prognosis, and consequently treatment strategies. PDLGG includes four tumor types, namely diffuse astrocytoma, MYB-, or MYBL1-altered; angiocentric glioma; polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY); and diffuse low-grade glioma, MAPK pathway-altered, three types of which are newly recognized tumor types. Herein, we review the clinical characteristics, histopathological and molecular genetic characteristics, neuroimaging features, and prognosis of pDLGG and summarize the neuroimaging key points in the diagnosis of different tumor types. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and update the relevant pDLGG features and advances in neuroimaging that may assist in differential diagnosis, surgery planning, prognostic determination of these tumor types, and provide accurate diagnostic information for clinical colleagues.