AUTHOR=Yang Qianfan , Kennicott Kameron , Zhu Runqi , Kim Jooyong , Wakefield Hunter , Studener Katelyn , Liang Yun 

TITLE=Sex hormone influence on female-biased autoimmune diseases hints at puberty as an important factor in pathogenesis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=Volume 11 - 2023

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1051624

DOI=10.3389/fped.2023.1051624

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=The majority of autoimmune diseases affect more women than men, consistent with a role of sex hormones in regulating immune responses. Indeed, many autoimmune diseases have a post-puberty onset when sex hormones start to significantly impact physiology. In addition to established effects of sex hormones on immune cell phenotypes and cytokine profiles, recent evidence suggests a key role of sex hormones in affecting immunometabolism. In this review, the current view on how puberty impact autoimmune disease pathogenesis is presented.