AUTHOR=Wang Huawei , Du Yiming , Wu Zhixin , Geng Haifeng , Zhu Xueping , Zhu Xiaoli 

TITLE=Serum Vitamin D Insufficiency in Hospitalized Full-Term Neonates at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern China

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.878992

DOI=10.3389/fped.2022.878992

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>This study explored the status of serum vitamin D in hospitalized full-term neonates at a tertiary hospital in eastern China.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A prospective study was conducted among 471 hospitalized full-term neonates at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 1 and June 20, 2020. Perinatal clinical data, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D<sub>3</sub>), laboratory examinations, serum calcium levels, and immune function were obtained and analyzed. We explored and analyzed the risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, and we also attempted to determine correlations between vitamin D and its influence on immunity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean serum 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> was 33.65±6.07ng/ml.The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 28.24%,vitamin D sufficiency was 71.76%, there was no vitamin D deficiency. The serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub> in singleton neonate was higher than twins or multiple infants (<italic>t</italic> = −10.918, <italic>P</italic> = 0.000). The serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub> were higher in neonates who born in spring and summer than in winter (H = 13.443, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001). The serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub> in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were higher than small for gestational age (SGA) (H = 7.686, <italic>P</italic> = 0.021). The serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub> were higher in neonates whose mothers had no underlying diseases than those with certain immunological and infectious diseases (F = 12.417, <italic>P</italic> = 0.000). The serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub> in neonates whose mothers had none or one perinatal complication were higher than those with two or more (F = 13.299, <italic>P</italic> = 0.000). The neonates with eosinophils ≤5% or normal platelet counts or serum Ca<sup>++</sup> ≥0.9 mmol/L have higher serum 25-(OH)D<sub>3</sub>. Neonates born in winter were at risk for vitamin D insufficiency, and the incidence of infectious pneumonia, sepsis, cytomegalovirus infection, and hypocalcemia in the vitamin D insufficiency group were higher than sufficiency group (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05). The serum CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and IgA levels in vitamin D sufficiency neonates were significantly higher than those in insufficiency group (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 28.24%, and birth in winter was a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency in hospitalized full-term neonates in Suzhou area. Neonates with infectious pneumonia, sepsis, cytomegalovirus infection, and hypocalcemia exhibited a high risk of vitamin D insufficiency. The serum CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>, and IgA levels in neonates with vitamin D insufficiency were lower.</p></sec>