AUTHOR=Albitar-Nehme Sami , Agosta Marilena , Kowalska Agata Helena , Mancinelli Livia , Onori Manuela , Lucignano Barbara , Mattana Giordana , Quagliarella Francesco , Cefalo Maria Giuseppina , Merli Pietro , Locatelli Franco , Perno Carlo Federico , Bernaschi Paola 

TITLE=Case Report: Trichosporon japonicum Fungemia in a Pediatric Patient With Refractory Acute B Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.861476

DOI=10.3389/fped.2022.861476

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Trichosporon japonicum</italic> is a very rare opportunistic yeast causing fungal disease in humans, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we describe a new case of <italic>T. japonicum</italic> isolated from the blood of a pyrexial pediatric patient with refractory acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia and acute respiratory distress. Prompt diagnosis through early clinical suspicion and appropriate molecular microbiology analysis allowed the yeast to be accurately identified at species level. Subsequent drug susceptibility testing and focused antifungal treatment with voriconazole and amphotericin B led to a complete clinical and mycological resolution of the infection, which represents the second successful case of <italic>T. japonicum</italic> bloodstream infection described in literature to date.</p>