AUTHOR=Kwong Elaine Yi Lee , Kuok Manson Chon In , Chan Winnie Kwai-Yu 

TITLE=Case Report: Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS)—An unusual combination

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1054025

DOI=10.3389/fped.2022.1054025

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<p>This is a case report of a Chinese adolescent boy who had multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) of a rare combination comprising type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). He developed SLE within one year of symptom onset, presenting with necrotising histiocytic lymphadenitis and hepatitis. We highlight the importance for physicians to be aware of the need for continued surveillance for developing new autoimmune diseases in patients with multiple autoimmune diseases. It is also essential to remain vigilant for overlap syndrome as autoimmune diseases commonly share similar subphenotypes and non-specific autoantibodies. Long-term follow-up is warranted to define the final phenotype.</p>