AUTHOR=Zhong Xuhui , Ding Jie , Wang Zheng , Gao Yan , Wu Yubin , Shen Ying , Song Hongmei , Zhao Zhengyan , Chen Xinxin , Zhang Puhong , Xu Guobin , Yao Chen , Zhang Hui , Zhong Fu , Tang Ying , Wang Hui , Wang Wei , Li Wenhao , Zhang Wanxia , Zhu Sainan , Shang Meixia 

TITLE=Risk Factors Associated With Abnormal Urinalysis in Children

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.649068

DOI=10.3389/fped.2021.649068

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Targeted urinalysis has been suggested to improve screening efficiency in adults. However, there is no well-defined target population in children yet, with limited information on the risk factors for urinalysis abnormalities.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Children from infants to 17 years old were randomly selected. Dipstick urinalysis was initially performed. Among those who were abnormal, a repeat dipstick or dipstick with microscopic urinalysis was performed for confirmation.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> In total, 70,822 children were included, with 37,866 boys and 32,956 girls. Prevalence of abnormal urinalysis was 4.3%. Age was significantly associated with abnormal urinalysis, with the highest prevalence among 12–14-year-olds. Girls were 2.0 times more likely to exhibit abnormalities. Compared with children whose guardians had a college degree or higher, those whose guardians had a high school degree or lower had a higher likelihood of abnormalities. Geographic location was also associated with abnormal results.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Girls, children aged 12–14 years old, and children whose guardians had a low educational level and children in certain geographic locations were significantly associated with abnormal urinalysis. Identification of children at high risk would contribute to targeted urinalysis screening.</p>