AUTHOR=Liu Chen , Liu Xiao , Zhang Xiangxiang , Yang Boyang , Huang Lan , Wang Hongying , Yu Hongkui 

TITLE=Referential Values of Testicular Volume Measured by Ultrasonography in Normal Children and Adolescents: Z-Score Establishment

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.648711

DOI=10.3389/fped.2021.648711

ISSN=2296-2360

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objective:</bold> To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in normal boys aged 0 to 18 years old.</p><p><bold>Method:</bold> The length (L), width (W), and height (H) of 3,328 testicles from 1,664 Chinese boys were measured by ultrasonography. Lambert's formula: L × W × H × 0.71 was used to calculate testicular volume. Z-score regression equation derived from age was established by regression analysis of predicted values of testicular volume and standard deviations.</p><p><bold>Result:</bold> There was no significant difference between left and right testicular volumes. Testicular volume was positively correlated with age, and logarithmic transformation of testicular volume can show a fine curve fit with age. To establish Z-score regression equation derived from age, the predicted values of testicular volume used cubic regression equations, and the standard deviation used square regression equations. The Z-score regression equation derived from age was calculated by the formula: z = [lg (L × W × H × 0.71) – (−0.3524-0.01759 × x+0.009417 × x2-0.0001840 × x3)]/(0.1059+0.01434 × x-0.0005324 × x2).</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The current study provided a reference value for testicular volume of boys aged 0 to 18 years old. Z-score regression equation derived from age for testicular volume can be established. Z-score will be of great value for the testicular development assessment and disease diagnosis and follow-up.</p>