AUTHOR=Tenembaum Silvia , Yeh E. Ann , The Guthy-Jackson Foundation International Clinical Consortium (GJCF-ICC) , Abboud Hesham , Alroughani Raed , Altintas Ayse , Amezcua Lilyana , Apiwattanakul Metha , Asgari Nasrin , Banwell Brenda , Bennett Jeffrey , Bichuetti Denis , Blaschke Terrence F. , Bowen James , Boyko Alexey , Brandt Alexander , Broadley Simon , Brück Wolfgang , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Carruthers Robert , Chitnis Tanuja , Cohen Jeffrey , Delgado-García, Guillermo , Dujmovic Basuroski Irena , Evangelou Nikos , Fujihara Kazuo , Goodman Andrew , Greenberg Benjamin , Han May , Havla Joachim , Hellwig Kerstin , Hor Jyh Yung , Iorio Raffaele , Jacob Anu , Jarius Sven , Andres Jimenez Arango Jorge , Sand Ilana Katz , Ho Jin Kim , Sung Min Kim , Kimbrough Dorlan , Kissani Najib , Klawiter Eric , Kleiter Ingo , Lana-Peixoto Marco , Leite Maria Isabel , Levy Michael , Liu Yaou , Lublin Fred , Maiga Youssoufa , Mao-Draayer Yang , Marignier Romain , Mariotto Sara , Matiello Marcelo , Melamed Esther , Momtazee Callene , Nakashima Ichiro , Ness Jayne , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Palace Jacqueline , Pandit Lekha , Paul Friedemann , Pope Sarah Planchon , Anne-Katrin Pröbstel , Qian Peiqing , Quan Chao , Repovic Pavle , Riley Claire , Ringelstein Marius , Rotstein Dalia , Klemens Ruprecht Charité , Maria José Sá , Saiz Albert , Sato Douglas , Shosha Eslam , Sicotte Nancy , Siritho Sasitorn , Siva Aksel , Smith Terry J. , Ibis Soto de Castillo , Tenembaum Silva , Tornes Leticia , Villoslada Pablo , Wingerchuk Dean , Wüfel Jens , Yamout Bassem , Yeaman Michael R. , Ann Yeh E. , Zamvil Scott TITLE=Pediatric NMOSD: A Review and Position Statement on Approach to Work-Up and Diagnosis JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics VOLUME=8 YEAR=2020 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00339 DOI=10.3389/fped.2020.00339 ISSN=2296-2360 ABSTRACT=

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord, but also involving other regions of the CNS including the area postrema, periaqueductal gray matter, and hypothalamus. Knowledge related to pediatric manifestations of NMOSD has grown in recent years, particularly in light of newer information regarding the importance of not only antibodies to aquaporin 4 (AQP4-IgG) but also myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) in children manifesting clinically with this syndrome. In this review, we describe the current state of the knowledge related to clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and chronic therapies for children with NMOSD, with emphasis on literature that has been published in the last 5 years. Following the review, we propose recommendations for the assessment/follow up clinical care, and treatment of this population.