AUTHOR=Khan Naiman A. , Cannavale Corinne , Iwinski Samantha , Liu Ruyu , McLoughlin Gabriella M. , Steinberg Linda G. , Walk Anne M.
TITLE=Visceral Adiposity and Diet Quality Are Differentially Associated With Cognitive Abilities and Early Academic Skills Among Preschool-Age Children
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Pediatrics
VOLUME=7
YEAR=2020
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2019.00548
DOI=10.3389/fped.2019.00548
ISSN=2296-2360
ABSTRACT=Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and diet quality influence cognitive health in preadolescents; however, these relationships remain understudied among preschool-age children.
Objectives: Investigate the relationship between VAT, diet quality, academic skills, and cognitive abilities among preschool-age children.
Methods: Children between 4 and 5 years (N = 57) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Woodcock Johnson Early Cognitive and Academic Development Test (ECAD™) was utilized to assess General Intellectual Ability, Early Academic Skills, and Expressive Language. DXA was used to assess VAT. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) based on 7-day food records.
Results: Greater VAT was associated with poorer Early Academic Skills (r = −0.28, P = 0.03) whereas a diet pattern that included Fatty Acids, Whole Grains, Saturated Fats, Seafood and Plant Proteins, Total Vegetables, and Dairy was positively associated with General Intellectual Ability (r = 0.26, P = 0.04).
Conclusions: Higher VAT is negatively related to Early Academic Skills whereas diet quality was positively and selectively related to intellectual abilities among preschool-age children. These findings indicate that the negative impact of abdominal adiposity on academic skills is evident as early as preschool-age while providing preliminary support for the potentially beneficial role of diet quality on cognitive abilities in early childhood.