AUTHOR=Dagenais Maude , Tritten Lucienne TITLE=Hidden in plain sight: How helminths manage to thrive in host blood JOURNAL=Frontiers in Parasitology VOLUME=2 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/parasitology/articles/10.3389/fpara.2023.1128299 DOI=10.3389/fpara.2023.1128299 ISSN=2813-2424 ABSTRACT=

Parasitic helminths have evolved a plethora of elegant stratagems to regulate and evade the host immune system, contributing to their considerable persistence and longevity in their vertebrate hosts. Various mechanisms to achieve this state have been described, ranging from interfering with or actively modulating host immune responses to hiding from immune recognition. Because they damage surrounding vessels and disturb blood flow, blood-borne and blood-feeding parasites in particular must deal with much more than immune effector cells. Management of the host complement system and coagulation cascade, as well as the development of processes of hiding and masking, represent hallmarks of life in blood. Here we review recent findings on putative evasion strategies employed by blood-borne parasitic helminths, focusing on the interaction with and utilisation of host serum components by nematodes and trematodes.