The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oral. Health
Sec. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 6 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1511342
This article is part of the Research Topic Orthodontic Treatment and Bone Physiology View all 4 articles
The Brons-Mulié Analysis as a decision-making tool for preoperative surgical simulation in Orthognatic Surgery
Provisionally accepted
Sebastian Böttger 1*
Yannick Nowak 1
Anita Cornelia Windhorst 1 Katharina Klaus 1
Sabine Ruf 1 Christina Bäcker 1 Eva May Schraml 1 Nina Danevitch 1 Rob Mulié 2 Hans-Peter Howaldt 1
Sameh Attia 1,3- 1 University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- 2 Orfeoklinik, Orfeoschouw 38, 2726 JG Zoetermeer, Holland, Zoetermeer, Netherlands
- 3 Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Objectives: Sufficient preoperative planning represents an essential component for the success of orthognathic surgery. Using various analysis methods, dysmorphic areas can be reliably identified and addressed during the planning procedure. Methods: Brons-Mulié analysis was used to examine profile photographs before and after orthognathic surgery. The attainment of normal values was interpreted as the achievement of facial harmony of the various facial proportions. By comparing the pre-and postoperative analysis, a control of the outcome quality of the orthognathic procedures was performed. Results: In a total of 160 patients aged 13 to 61 years, the preoperative analysis could be compared with the postoperative Brons-Mulié analysis. Postoperative, facial harmony was found for the vertical dimension in 99 cases (62%), for the upper lip dimension in 95 cases (59%), for the lower lip dimension in 138 cases (86%), and for the chin dimension in 118 cases (74%). This corresponded to an improvement of 20% in the vertical dimension, of 27% in the area of the lower lip and of 6% in the area of the chin. The upper lip area showed a slight deterioration of 7%. Conclusion: Despite preoperative planning of orthognathic surgery with Brons-Mulié analysis, postoperative results show an overall improvement but not perfection. Even by applying the method, it remains a challenge to achieve perfect facial harmony. Clinical Significance: The Brons-Mulié analysis provides an easyto-use two-dimensional tool for evaluating profile photographs in orthognathic surgery. The comparison between pre-and postoperative analysis allows for a control of the outcome quality and can also help to identify planning deficits.
Keywords: Brons-Mulié analysis, Orthognathic Surgery, Facial harmony, Cephalometry, profile photography
Received: 14 Oct 2024; Accepted: 28 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Böttger, Nowak, Windhorst, Klaus, Ruf, Bäcker, Schraml, Danevitch, Mulié, Howaldt and Attia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Sebastian Böttger, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.