Oral Health Disorders among Visually Impaired Children in South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review

Vini Mehta ^1* Siddharthan Selvaraj ^2* Snehasish Tripathy ¹ Neeta Mishra ^3* Sapna Negi ¹ Ankita Mathur ¹ Abedelmalek Kalefh Tabnjh ^4,5*

• ¹ Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital,, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
• ² Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• ³ Department of Optometry and Visual Sciences, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Optometry & Visual Sciences, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
• ⁴ Department of the Cariology, Odontology School, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
• ⁵ Department of Applied Dental Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Irbid, Jordan

Background and Aim: Despite the convergence of visual impairment and poor oral health among children, there is a scarcity of data on the common oral health disorders and their prevalence among children with visual impairments in South Asia. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the existing literature on oral health diseases in visually impaired children in South Asia.Methods: An exhaustive literature search was carried out in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar from inception till 31 st December, 2024. We included studies if they fulfilled the following criteria: visually impaired children (aged <18 years); assessment using dental examination; children with no other impairment from South Asian regions. Due to the high variability across age groups within the target population, we have synthesized and presented the data in a narrative format.The search across databases yielded a total of 1681 studies, out of which 9 studies were included. The prevalence of dental caries was reported ranging from 40% to 98.5%, and dental trauma ranged from 4.62% to 44.28%. High prevalence of malocclusion and gingivitis has also been reported. Quality assessment showed that three studies had medium risk of bias and remaining had a low risk of bias.In the South Asian region, it is crucial to make special needs dentistry widely accessible, provide caregivers with sufficient dental health information, and ensure dentists receive specialized training to enhance the effectiveness, comfort, and satisfaction of treatment.