Ramya Parthiban Vignesh Kailasam ^* Nivetha Shree

• Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Though various method for assessments of, crowding and arch dimension, rotations are frequently evaluated, with relatively few studies discussing the extent or direction of rotations, and even fewer addressing the reliability of such assessments. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse existing classification systems for rotated teeth, assess rotation in anterior and posterior teeth , its clinical applicability and impact on retention and relapse.Search methods: Two investigators conducted comprehensive searches in six databases PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, LILACS, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to March 28th, 2024. No specific start date was defined to ensure the inclusion of all relevant studies from the inception of each database, maximizing the comprehensiveness of our review.Search criteria: Retrospective studies ,the inclusion criteria were patients who were assessed for rotation in any age group. The exclusion criteria were patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment, fractured restorations or crowns, any tooth anomaly.Ten studies satisfying the inclusion criteria was included and Nine out of the ten studies provided quantitative outcomes for the rotation of various teeth, while the remaining study offered qualitative results. The risk of bias assessment was performed with the help of the Newcastle -Ottawa quality assessment tool.The skeletal Class II and Class III groups exhibited similar average positions of the first molar. Upper molar rotation was primarily observed in dental Class II patients, with a higher mesial rotation angle of 78.6°.Only one study measured the rotation for all permanent teeth. Seven studies used the mid-palatal raphe as the reference line for measuring molar rotation. No gender differences were found. It was found that there is no statistical significance in the mean values of molar rotation for the right and left sides as well as the maxillary and mandibular arches. The incisors demonstrated the highest degree of rotation (7.4° -20.2°), while the premolars and canines exhibited slightly lower degree of rotation(3.3°-9.2°). In contrast, the molars displayed the lowest degree of rotation(0.8°-7.4°).A universally accepted classification of tooth rotation is needed, including a common reference line is needed. And