Divya Gopinath ^1* Deepak Pandiar ² Zhengrui Li ³ Swagatika Panda ⁴

• ¹ Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
• ² Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
• ³ Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
• ⁴ Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Rodent models have been commonly employed in oral microbiota research to investigate the relationship between bacteria and oral disease. Nevertheless, to apply the knowledge acquired from studies conducted on rodents to a human context, it is crucial to consider the significant spatial and temporal parallels and differences between the oral microbiota of mice and humans. Initially, we outline the comparative physiology and microbiology of the oral cavity of rodents and humans. Additionally, we highlight the strong correlation between the oral microbiome of rodents and genetic makeup, which is influenced by factors including vendor, husbandry practices, and environmental conditions. All of these factors potentially impact the replicability of studies on rodent microbiota and the resulting conclusions. Next, we direct our attention toward the diversity in the microbiome within mice models of disease and highlight the diversity that may potentially affect the characteristics of diseases and, in turn, alter the ability to replicate research findings and apply them to real-world situations. Furthermore, we explore the practicality of oral microbial models for complex oral microbial diseases in future investigations by examining the concept of gnotobiotic and germ-free mouse models. Finally, we stress the importance of investigating suitable techniques for characterizing and managing genetically modified organisms. Therefore, future research should consider these aspects to improve oral microbiome research's translational potential.