AUTHOR=BinShabaib Munerah S. , ALHarthi Shatha S. , Helaby Bashayer S. , AlHefdhi Manar H. , Mohammed Afrah E. , Aabed Kawther 

TITLE=Comparison of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Saussurea costus and Melaleuca alternifolia Against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro Study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oral Health

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oral-health/articles/10.3389/froh.2022.950840

DOI=10.3389/froh.2022.950840

ISSN=2673-4842

ABSTRACT=<p>The aim was to compare the <italic>in-vitro</italic> antibacterial effectiveness of two herbal extracts (a) <italic>Saussurea-costus</italic> (<italic>S. costus</italic>) and (b) <italic>Melaleuca-alternifolia</italic> (<italic>M. alternifolia</italic>) against <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</italic> (<italic>P. gingivalis</italic>), <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> (<italic>S. mutans</italic>) and <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic> (<italic>E. faecalis</italic>). Aqueous extracts from <italic>M</italic>. <italic>alternifolia</italic> were prepared by adding 2 grams of <italic>S. costus</italic> and <italic>M. alternifolia</italic>, respectively to 100 ml distilled water. Bacterial strains of <italic>P. gingivalis, E. faecalis</italic> and <italic>S. mutans</italic> were treated into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2, bacterial strains were treated with aqueous extracts of <italic>S. costus</italic> and <italic>M. alternifolia</italic>, respectively. In the control-group, bacterial strains were exposed to distilled water. Antibacterial activity of the samples and nanoparticles was determined. The minimum-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) values were determined using the microdilution method. <italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01 was considered statistically significant. The MIC for all bacterial strains treated with <italic>S. costus</italic> was significantly higher than that of <italic>M</italic>. <italic>alternifolia</italic> (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in MIC for strains of <italic>P. gingivalis, E. faecalis</italic> and <italic>S. mutans</italic> treated with <italic>S. costus</italic>. For bacterial strains treated with <italic>M</italic>. <italic>alternifolia</italic>, the MIC was significantly higher for <italic>P. gingivalis</italic> compared with <italic>E. faecalis</italic> and <italic>S. mutans</italic> strains (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01). There was no difference in MIC for <italic>E. faecalis</italic> and <italic>S. mutans</italic> strains treated with <italic>M</italic>. <italic>alternifolia</italic>. The <italic>in-vitro</italic> antibacterial efficacy of <italic>M. alternifolia</italic> is higher than <italic>S. costus</italic> against <italic>P. gingivalis, E. faecalis</italic> and <italic>S. mutans</italic>.</p>