AUTHOR=Alhandal Hawraa , Almesaileikh Esraa , Bhardwaj Radhika G. , Al Khabbaz Areej , Karched Maribasappa 

TITLE=The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate on the Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase and Fibronectin-Binding Protein in Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oral Health

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oral-health/articles/10.3389/froh.2022.863723

DOI=10.3389/froh.2022.863723

ISSN=2673-4842

ABSTRACT=<p>Recent studies have shown that antimicrobial treatment results in up- or down regulation of several virulence-associated genes in bacterial biofilms. The genes encoding NADH oxidase (<italic>nox</italic>) and fibronectin-binding protein (<italic>fbp</italic>) are known to play important roles in biofilm growth of some oral bacterial species. The objective was to study the effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), an antimicrobial agent from Miswak plant, on the expression of <italic>nox</italic> and <italic>fbp</italic> genes in some oral streptococci. The biofilms were treated with BITC and mRNA expression of <italic>nox</italic> and <italic>fbp</italic> genes was measured by comparative ΔΔCt method. The highest amount of biofilm mass was produced by <italic>A. defectiva</italic>, followed by <italic>S. gordonii, S. mutans, G. elegans</italic> and <italic>G. adiacens</italic>. Upon treatment with BITC, <italic>S. gordonii</italic> biofilms showed highest folds change in mRNA expression for both <italic>fbp</italic> and <italic>nox</italic> genes followed by <italic>S. mutans, A. defectiva</italic>, and <italic>G. adiacens</italic>. <italic>G. elegans</italic> mRNA levels for <italic>nox</italic> were extremely low. In conclusion, BITC treatment of the biofilms caused an upregulation of biofilm-associated genes <italic>fbp</italic> and <italic>nox</italic> genes in most of the tested species suggesting the significance of <italic>these</italic> genes in biofilm lifestyle of these oral bacteria and needs further investigation to understand if it contributes to antimicrobial resistance.</p>